ARDUINO 328 Functions Strings

Functions and Variables → Strings

For information about displaying on the VEX LCD, please see the article: Display. When displaying floats, for example, you can tell ROBOTC how many decimals places to display. This is standard across all 'C' - like programing languages. For example, if your float is PI (3.14159265), but you only want to dispay "3.14", your string should contain, "%1.2f". The number before the decimal is how many digits before the decimal you wish to display, while the number after the decimal is how many digits after the decimal you wish to display. So "%1.2f" tells us to display one digit before the decimal and two digits after the decimal, with "3.14" as the final result.

Color Key Function: Variable:

strcat

void strcat(void &pToBuffer, const void &pFromBuffer)

(void) Function concatenates pFromBuffer onto end of pToBuffer. The variables are arrays of bytes terminated with zero character. It is user responsibility to ensure that the 'To' array is large enough to hold the result. ROBOTC is not able to do any range checking! Identical to the function found in conventional C 'string.h' library.

Parameter Explanation Data Type pToBuffer Characters from 'pFromBuffer' are concatenated to the end of this. void pFromBuffer Concatenates characters from here. void

string str1 = "ROBOT"; // string 'str1' is "ROBOT" string str2 = "C"; // string 'str2' is "C"   strcat(str1, str2); // concatinate string 'str2' onto string 'str1'   displayNextLCDString(str1); // display the new 'str' ("ROBOTC")

strcmp

short strcmp(void &pString1, const void &pString2)

(short) Function compares pString1 with pString2. Returns negative value if less than, 0 if equal and positive value if greater than. The variables are arrays of bytes terminated with a zero char. Identical to the function found in conventional C 'string.h' library.

Parameter Explanation Data Type pString1 A string to compare with 'pString2'. void pString2 A string to compare with 'pString1'. void

string str1 = "Fett"; // string 'str1' is "Fett" string str2 = "Fett"; // string 'str2' is "Fett"   if(strcmp(str1, str2) < 0) // if 'str1' < 'str2': { displayNextLCDString("str1 is < than str2"); // display that 'str1' is < 'str2' } else if(strcmp(str1, str2) > 0) // if 'str1' > 'str2': { displayNextLCDString("str1 is > than str2"); // display that 'str1' is > 'str2' } else // if 'str1' == 'str2': { displayNextLCDString("str1 = str2"); // display that 'str1' is = 'str2' }

strcpy

void strcpy(void &pToBuffer, const void &pFromBuffer)

(void) Function copies pFromBuffer to pToBuffer. The variables are arrays of bytes terminated with a zero character. It is user responsibility to ensure that the 'To' array is large enough to hold the result. ROBOTC is not able to do any range checking! Identical to the function found in conventional C 'string.h' library.

Parameter Explanation Data Type pToBuffer Copies 'pFromBuffer' to this. void pFromBuffer Copies this to 'pToBuffer'. void

string str1 = ""; // 'str1' is "" (empty) string str2 = "DNA"; // string 'str2' is "DNA"   strcpy(str1, str2); // copy string 'str2' onto string 'str1'   displayNextLCDString(str1); // display the new 'str' ("DNA")

StringDelete

void StringDelete(string &sDest, const int nIndex, const int nSize)

(void) Deletes a substring from a string.

Parameter Explanation Data Type sDest The string to delete from. string nIndex The index of the first character to delete (1st character = index 0). int nSize The number of characters to delete, starting 'nIndex'. int

string str = "mesGARBAGEsage"; // String 'str' is "mesGARBAGEsage".   StringDelete(str, 3, 7); // Delete from index 3 to the 7th char after that. /* Confusing because 3 = index 3, not char 3. Since indexing */ /* starts with 0, index 3 is the 4th character. */   displayNextLCDString(3, "%s", str1); // Display the new 'str' ("message").

StringFind

int StringFind(const string &sSrce, const string &sSearch)

(int) Finds the position in a string of the selected substring.

Parameter Explanation Data Type sSrce String to search through. string sSearch Substring to look for. string

string str = "mesHIDDENsage"; // String 'str' is "mesGARBAGEsage". int index_of_substr; // Int, 'index_of_substr' to be used by "StringFind()".   index_of_substr = StringFind(str_msg, "HIDDEN"); /* Search for the substring, "HIDDEN" */ /* withing the string, 'str'. */   displayNextLCDNumber(index_of_substr); // Display the new index of the substring, "HIDDEN".

StringFormat

void StringFormat(string &sDest, const string sFormatString, ...)

(void) Formats a string using the specified format-string.

Parameter Explanation Data Type sDest The string to format. string sFormatString The format-string to apply to 'sDest'. string

string str = ""; // Create String, 'str' and initialize it as 'empty'. float num = 3.14159; // Create float, 'num' and initialize it as first 6 digits of pi.   StringFormat(str, "%1.2f", num); /* Format num into a float to 2 decimal places, then send it to the string, 'str'. */ displayNextLCDString(str); // Display the new string, str. ("3.14").

StringFromChars

void StringFromChars(string &sToString, const char &FromChars)

(void) Converts an array of bytes to a string value. You MUST end your char array with a char value of zero!

Parameter Explanation Data Type sToString The string to copy characters to. string FromChars The character array to copy characters from. char

char test[10]; // create an array of chars of size 10 named 'test' string str = ""; // create an empty string named 'str'   test[0] = 'R'; test[1] = 'O'; test[2] = 'B'; test[3] = 'O'; test[4] = 'T'; test[5] = 'C'; test[6] = (char)0; // index 6 is character value zero test[7] = 'X'; /* these characters */ test[8] = 'X'; /* never get copied */ test[9] = 'X'; /* since they are after the zero */   StringFromChars(str, test); // copy chars from 'test' to 'str'   displayNextLCDString(str); // display 'str' to line 3 of NXT LCD }

strncat

void strncat(void &pToBuffer, const void &pFromBuffer, const short nMaxBufferSize)

(void) Function concatenates pFromBuffer onto end of pToBuffer. The variables are arrays of bytes terminated with a zero character. nMaxBufferSize is the maximum size of ‘pFromBuffer’ and is usually created with a sizeof(..) function call. Identical to the function found in conventional C 'string.h' library file.

Parameter Explanation Data Type pToBuffer 'pFromBuffer' gets concatenated onto the end of this. void pFromBuffer This gets concatenated onto the end of 'pToBuffer'. void nMaxBufferSize How many characters to concatenate. short

string str1 = "ROBOT"; // String 'str1' is "ROBOT". string str2 = "C!"; // String 'str2' is "C!".   int copy_length = 1; // Int 'copy_length' is set to 1.   strncat(str1, str2, copy_length); /* Concatinate 'copy_length' amount of characters from string 'str2' onto string 'str1'. */   displayNextLCDString(str1); // Display the new 'str' ("ROBOTC"), (the "!" is not copied).

strncmp

short strncmp(void &pString1, const void &pString2, const short nMaxBufferSize)

(short) Function compares pString1 with pString2. Returns negative value if less than, 0 if equal and positive value if greater than. The variables are arrays of bytes terminated with a zero char. nMaxBufferSize is the maximum number of bytes to compare and is usually created with a sizeof(..) function call. Identical to the function found in conventional C 'string.h'

Parameter Explanation Data Type pString1 A string to compare with 'pString2'. void pString2 A string to compare with 'pString1'. void nMaxBufferSize How many characters to compare, starting from index 0. short

string str1 = "Fett"; // String 'str1' is "Fett". string str2 = "Fetts"; // String 'str2' is "Fetts".   int cmp_chars = 4; /* Int 'cmp_chars' is the amount of chars to compare in "strncmp()". Here we will compare the first 4 chars of each string. */   if(strncmp(str1, str2, cmp_chars) < 0) // If 'str1' < 'str2' up to 4 chars: { displayNextLCDString("str1 is < than str2"); // Display that 'str1' is < 'str2' up to 4 chars. } else if(strncmp(str1, str2, cmp_chars) > 0) // If 'str1' > 'str2' up to 4 chars: { displayNextLCDString("str1 is > than str2"); // Display that 'str1' is > 'str2' up to 4 chars. } else // If 'str1' == 'str2' up to 4 chars: { displayNextLCDString("str1 = str2"); // Display that 'str1' is = 'str2' up to 4 chars. }